Ygthkb

Intersection of 3 planes in 3D space

How can I give a Ranger advantage on a check due to Favored Enemy without spoiling the story for the player?

Putting a vertical line in each Histogram using GraphicsGrid

What could cause an entire planet of humans to become aphasic?

Why don't you get burned by the wood benches in a sauna?

How can I put a period right after the algorithm's number in the algorithm's title?

Identical projects by students at two different colleges: still plagiarism?

Crack the bank account's password!

Promise.all returning empty objects

Can you say "leftside right"?

Is the percentage symbol a constant?

Explicit way to check whether a function was called from within the Window

Is it possible to detect 100% of SQLi with a simple regex?

Do the speed limit reductions due to pollution also apply to electric cars in France?

How can I handle players killing my NPC outside of combat?

Process substitution inside a subshell to set a variable

What can I do to encourage my players to use their consumables?

Is the UK legally prevented from having another referendum on Brexit?

Did ancient Germans take pride in leaving the land untouched?

Including proofs of known theorems in master's thesis

Is there any danger of my neighbor having my wife's signature?

What is an efficient way to digitize a family photo collection?

What happened to Hermione’s clothing and other possessions after she wiped her parents’ memories of her?

What is an explicit bijection in combinatorics?

Calculating the strength of an ionic bond that contains poly-atomic ions

Why does NaCl dissolve in H2O despite its strong ionic bond?Understanding the bond dissociation energy of poly-atomic moleculesDoes the activity product decrease with increasing ionic strength?Calculating the ionic product of waterCalculating the ionic polarizability from the Clausius-Mossoti relationAtomic orbitals: how is bond strength related to stability, energy, bond length?The impossibility of 100% ionic bondCalculating the enthalpy of polymerisation of ethylene given the bond strengthsExplanation of the strength of phosphorus-oxygen bondIs there a website or book that contains accepted values for the enthalpy change of the reactions between acids and bases?

2

$begingroup$

So the bond association enthalpy for ionic compounds like $ce{NaCl}$ and $ce{NaBr}$ can be easily calculated from a Born-Haber cycle. But the way a Born-Haber cycle is constructed it uses info that only really applies to mono-atomic ions like $ce{Cl^-}$. So how would one calculate the strength of an ionic bond for ionic salts that contain poly-atomic ions like $ce{NaOH}$ and $ce{K_2SO_4}$. Is there a completely different method, or can a Born-Haber cycle be adapted to use a poly-atomic ion?

physical-chemistry thermodynamics enthalpy ionic-compounds solid-state-chemistry

share|improve this question

edited 38 mins ago

andselisk

16.6k654115

asked 1 hour ago

H.LinkhornH.Linkhorn

3719

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

2

$begingroup$

So the bond association enthalpy for ionic compounds like $ce{NaCl}$ and $ce{NaBr}$ can be easily calculated from a Born-Haber cycle. But the way a Born-Haber cycle is constructed it uses info that only really applies to mono-atomic ions like $ce{Cl^-}$. So how would one calculate the strength of an ionic bond for ionic salts that contain poly-atomic ions like $ce{NaOH}$ and $ce{K_2SO_4}$. Is there a completely different method, or can a Born-Haber cycle be adapted to use a poly-atomic ion?

physical-chemistry thermodynamics enthalpy ionic-compounds solid-state-chemistry

share|improve this question

edited 38 mins ago

andselisk

16.6k654115

asked 1 hour ago

H.LinkhornH.Linkhorn

3719

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

So the bond association enthalpy for ionic compounds like $ce{NaCl}$ and $ce{NaBr}$ can be easily calculated from a Born-Haber cycle. But the way a Born-Haber cycle is constructed it uses info that only really applies to mono-atomic ions like $ce{Cl^-}$. So how would one calculate the strength of an ionic bond for ionic salts that contain poly-atomic ions like $ce{NaOH}$ and $ce{K_2SO_4}$. Is there a completely different method, or can a Born-Haber cycle be adapted to use a poly-atomic ion?

physical-chemistry thermodynamics enthalpy ionic-compounds solid-state-chemistry

share|improve this question

edited 38 mins ago

andselisk

16.6k654115

asked 1 hour ago

H.LinkhornH.Linkhorn

3719

$endgroup$

share|improve this question

edited 38 mins ago

andselisk

16.6k654115

asked 1 hour ago

H.LinkhornH.Linkhorn

3719

share|improve this question

edited 38 mins ago

andselisk

16.6k654115

asked 1 hour ago

H.LinkhornH.Linkhorn

3719

edited 38 mins ago

andselisk

16.6k654115

edited 38 mins ago

andselisk

16.6k654115

asked 1 hour ago

H.LinkhornH.Linkhorn

3719

asked 1 hour ago

H.LinkhornH.Linkhorn

3719

1 Answer
1

active

oldest

votes

2

$begingroup$

With enough effort, Born–Haber cycle can be extended to polyatomic ionic solids, however it's practically never done in practice due to the lack of experimental data or because it's impossible to obtain any.

From [1, p. 118] (emphasis mine):

$$U = ΔH_mathrm{f} - left(ΔH_mathrm{s} + frac{1}{2}D + IE + EAright)$$

One difficulty with using a Born–Haber cycle to find values for $U$ is that heats of formation data are often unavailable. Perhaps the greatest limitation, however, is that electron affinities for multiply-charged anions (e.g. $ce{O^2-}$) or polyanions (e.g. $ce{SiO4^4-}$) cannot be experimentally obtained. Such anions simply do not exist as gaseous species. No atom has a positive second electron affinity; energy must be added to a negatively charged gaseous species in order for it to accommodate additional electrons. In some cases, thermochemical estimates for second and third electron affinities are available from ab initio calculations. Even so, if there are large covalent forces in the crystal, poor agreement between the values of $U$ obtained from a Born–Haber cycle and Madelung calculations can be expected.

References

1. Lalena, J. N.; Cleary, D. A. Principles of Inorganic Materials Design, 2nd ed.; John Wiley: Hoboken, N.J, 2010. ISBN 978-0-470-40403-4.

share|improve this answer

answered 38 mins ago

andseliskandselisk

16.6k654115

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

Your Answer

StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
});
});
}, "mathjax-editing");

StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "431"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});

function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: false,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: null,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});


}
});

draft saved

draft discarded

Sign up or log in

StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});

Sign up using Google

Sign up using Facebook

Sign up using Email and Password

Post as a guest

Name

Email

Required, but never shown

StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fchemistry.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f110024%2fcalculating-the-strength-of-an-ionic-bond-that-contains-poly-atomic-ions%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest

Name

Email

Required, but never shown

2

$begingroup$

With enough effort, Born–Haber cycle can be extended to polyatomic ionic solids, however it's practically never done in practice due to the lack of experimental data or because it's impossible to obtain any.

From [1, p. 118] (emphasis mine):

$$U = ΔH_mathrm{f} - left(ΔH_mathrm{s} + frac{1}{2}D + IE + EAright)$$

One difficulty with using a Born–Haber cycle to find values for $U$ is that heats of formation data are often unavailable. Perhaps the greatest limitation, however, is that electron affinities for multiply-charged anions (e.g. $ce{O^2-}$) or polyanions (e.g. $ce{SiO4^4-}$) cannot be experimentally obtained. Such anions simply do not exist as gaseous species. No atom has a positive second electron affinity; energy must be added to a negatively charged gaseous species in order for it to accommodate additional electrons. In some cases, thermochemical estimates for second and third electron affinities are available from ab initio calculations. Even so, if there are large covalent forces in the crystal, poor agreement between the values of $U$ obtained from a Born–Haber cycle and Madelung calculations can be expected.

References

1. Lalena, J. N.; Cleary, D. A. Principles of Inorganic Materials Design, 2nd ed.; John Wiley: Hoboken, N.J, 2010. ISBN 978-0-470-40403-4.

share|improve this answer

answered 38 mins ago

andseliskandselisk

16.6k654115

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

2

$begingroup$

With enough effort, Born–Haber cycle can be extended to polyatomic ionic solids, however it's practically never done in practice due to the lack of experimental data or because it's impossible to obtain any.

From [1, p. 118] (emphasis mine):

$$U = ΔH_mathrm{f} - left(ΔH_mathrm{s} + frac{1}{2}D + IE + EAright)$$

One difficulty with using a Born–Haber cycle to find values for $U$ is that heats of formation data are often unavailable. Perhaps the greatest limitation, however, is that electron affinities for multiply-charged anions (e.g. $ce{O^2-}$) or polyanions (e.g. $ce{SiO4^4-}$) cannot be experimentally obtained. Such anions simply do not exist as gaseous species. No atom has a positive second electron affinity; energy must be added to a negatively charged gaseous species in order for it to accommodate additional electrons. In some cases, thermochemical estimates for second and third electron affinities are available from ab initio calculations. Even so, if there are large covalent forces in the crystal, poor agreement between the values of $U$ obtained from a Born–Haber cycle and Madelung calculations can be expected.

References

1. Lalena, J. N.; Cleary, D. A. Principles of Inorganic Materials Design, 2nd ed.; John Wiley: Hoboken, N.J, 2010. ISBN 978-0-470-40403-4.

share|improve this answer

answered 38 mins ago

andseliskandselisk

16.6k654115

$endgroup$

add a comment | 

$begingroup$

With enough effort, Born–Haber cycle can be extended to polyatomic ionic solids, however it's practically never done in practice due to the lack of experimental data or because it's impossible to obtain any.

From [1, p. 118] (emphasis mine):

$$U = ΔH_mathrm{f} - left(ΔH_mathrm{s} + frac{1}{2}D + IE + EAright)$$

One difficulty with using a Born–Haber cycle to find values for $U$ is that heats of formation data are often unavailable. Perhaps the greatest limitation, however, is that electron affinities for multiply-charged anions (e.g. $ce{O^2-}$) or polyanions (e.g. $ce{SiO4^4-}$) cannot be experimentally obtained. Such anions simply do not exist as gaseous species. No atom has a positive second electron affinity; energy must be added to a negatively charged gaseous species in order for it to accommodate additional electrons. In some cases, thermochemical estimates for second and third electron affinities are available from ab initio calculations. Even so, if there are large covalent forces in the crystal, poor agreement between the values of $U$ obtained from a Born–Haber cycle and Madelung calculations can be expected.

References

1. Lalena, J. N.; Cleary, D. A. Principles of Inorganic Materials Design, 2nd ed.; John Wiley: Hoboken, N.J, 2010. ISBN 978-0-470-40403-4.

share|improve this answer

answered 38 mins ago

andseliskandselisk

16.6k654115

$endgroup$

share|improve this answer

answered 38 mins ago

andseliskandselisk

16.6k654115

answered 38 mins ago

andseliskandselisk

16.6k654115

answered 38 mins ago

andseliskandselisk

16.6k654115