What is the meaning of “usr”?How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?Bash: what is the meaning of...

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What is the meaning of “usr”?


How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?Bash: what is the meaning of ${parameter##word}What is the meaning of apt-get install --reinstall?What is the meaning of ~/ in ls -la ~/?What is the meaning of the `|` symbol in the shell?what is the meaning of FOUND in grep FOUNDWhat is the meaning of gcc command`at` command: what is the meaning of the option `-w`?What is the meaning of “-y” in this commandWhat is The Meaning IO Block and How to Calculate?What is the meaning of “[command] &” in Ubuntu?













1















Does it mean "user"? I attempted to navigate to usr via cd however I received No such file or directory error.



I could only find in Russian the following information:




"/usr (от англ. User System Resources — системные ресурсы
пользователя) — каталог в UNIX-подобных системах, содержащий
динамически компонуемые программы, файлы пользователей и программы,
устанавливаемые вручную. В соответствии с FHS, монтируется на корневую
файловую систему и должен содержать только не изменяющиеся программами
данные (то есть /usr в режиме эксплуатации может быть смонтирован в
режиме «только для чтения» без ущерба для функциональности)[1].



Традиционная система подкаталогов /usr/ Вторичная иерархия для данных
пользователя; содержит большинство пользовательских приложений и
утилит, используемых в многопользовательском режиме. Может быть
смонтирована по сети только для чтения и быть общей для нескольких
машин[2]. /usr/bin/"




However, I don't understand.





Translation of the quote:



/usr ( from English "User System Resources" ) - catalogue/directory in UNIX-like systems, containing dynamically combined programs, user files and manually-installed programs. In accordance with FHS, it is mounted on root filesystem and must contain only data which is not to be modified by programs (that is to say, /usr in operational mode can be mounted as read-only without loss of functionality)



Traditional system of subdirectories /usr/ Secondary hierarchy for user's data; contain most user's applications andutilities, used in multiuser mode. Can be mounted over network only in read-only mode, and can be shared between multiple machines.










share|improve this question




















  • 2





    What is the question? You gave the answer what usr means.

    – Pilot6
    1 hour ago











  • I'll write an answer in English first, then translate it into Russian. So hold on there

    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    48 mins ago








  • 1





    Possible duplicate of How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?

    – karel
    18 mins ago


















1















Does it mean "user"? I attempted to navigate to usr via cd however I received No such file or directory error.



I could only find in Russian the following information:




"/usr (от англ. User System Resources — системные ресурсы
пользователя) — каталог в UNIX-подобных системах, содержащий
динамически компонуемые программы, файлы пользователей и программы,
устанавливаемые вручную. В соответствии с FHS, монтируется на корневую
файловую систему и должен содержать только не изменяющиеся программами
данные (то есть /usr в режиме эксплуатации может быть смонтирован в
режиме «только для чтения» без ущерба для функциональности)[1].



Традиционная система подкаталогов /usr/ Вторичная иерархия для данных
пользователя; содержит большинство пользовательских приложений и
утилит, используемых в многопользовательском режиме. Может быть
смонтирована по сети только для чтения и быть общей для нескольких
машин[2]. /usr/bin/"




However, I don't understand.





Translation of the quote:



/usr ( from English "User System Resources" ) - catalogue/directory in UNIX-like systems, containing dynamically combined programs, user files and manually-installed programs. In accordance with FHS, it is mounted on root filesystem and must contain only data which is not to be modified by programs (that is to say, /usr in operational mode can be mounted as read-only without loss of functionality)



Traditional system of subdirectories /usr/ Secondary hierarchy for user's data; contain most user's applications andutilities, used in multiuser mode. Can be mounted over network only in read-only mode, and can be shared between multiple machines.










share|improve this question




















  • 2





    What is the question? You gave the answer what usr means.

    – Pilot6
    1 hour ago











  • I'll write an answer in English first, then translate it into Russian. So hold on there

    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    48 mins ago








  • 1





    Possible duplicate of How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?

    – karel
    18 mins ago
















1












1








1








Does it mean "user"? I attempted to navigate to usr via cd however I received No such file or directory error.



I could only find in Russian the following information:




"/usr (от англ. User System Resources — системные ресурсы
пользователя) — каталог в UNIX-подобных системах, содержащий
динамически компонуемые программы, файлы пользователей и программы,
устанавливаемые вручную. В соответствии с FHS, монтируется на корневую
файловую систему и должен содержать только не изменяющиеся программами
данные (то есть /usr в режиме эксплуатации может быть смонтирован в
режиме «только для чтения» без ущерба для функциональности)[1].



Традиционная система подкаталогов /usr/ Вторичная иерархия для данных
пользователя; содержит большинство пользовательских приложений и
утилит, используемых в многопользовательском режиме. Может быть
смонтирована по сети только для чтения и быть общей для нескольких
машин[2]. /usr/bin/"




However, I don't understand.





Translation of the quote:



/usr ( from English "User System Resources" ) - catalogue/directory in UNIX-like systems, containing dynamically combined programs, user files and manually-installed programs. In accordance with FHS, it is mounted on root filesystem and must contain only data which is not to be modified by programs (that is to say, /usr in operational mode can be mounted as read-only without loss of functionality)



Traditional system of subdirectories /usr/ Secondary hierarchy for user's data; contain most user's applications andutilities, used in multiuser mode. Can be mounted over network only in read-only mode, and can be shared between multiple machines.










share|improve this question
















Does it mean "user"? I attempted to navigate to usr via cd however I received No such file or directory error.



I could only find in Russian the following information:




"/usr (от англ. User System Resources — системные ресурсы
пользователя) — каталог в UNIX-подобных системах, содержащий
динамически компонуемые программы, файлы пользователей и программы,
устанавливаемые вручную. В соответствии с FHS, монтируется на корневую
файловую систему и должен содержать только не изменяющиеся программами
данные (то есть /usr в режиме эксплуатации может быть смонтирован в
режиме «только для чтения» без ущерба для функциональности)[1].



Традиционная система подкаталогов /usr/ Вторичная иерархия для данных
пользователя; содержит большинство пользовательских приложений и
утилит, используемых в многопользовательском режиме. Может быть
смонтирована по сети только для чтения и быть общей для нескольких
машин[2]. /usr/bin/"




However, I don't understand.





Translation of the quote:



/usr ( from English "User System Resources" ) - catalogue/directory in UNIX-like systems, containing dynamically combined programs, user files and manually-installed programs. In accordance with FHS, it is mounted on root filesystem and must contain only data which is not to be modified by programs (that is to say, /usr in operational mode can be mounted as read-only without loss of functionality)



Traditional system of subdirectories /usr/ Secondary hierarchy for user's data; contain most user's applications andutilities, used in multiuser mode. Can be mounted over network only in read-only mode, and can be shared between multiple machines.







command-line






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 48 mins ago









Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy

72.9k9152316




72.9k9152316










asked 1 hour ago









Anatoliy DraganAnatoliy Dragan

162




162








  • 2





    What is the question? You gave the answer what usr means.

    – Pilot6
    1 hour ago











  • I'll write an answer in English first, then translate it into Russian. So hold on there

    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    48 mins ago








  • 1





    Possible duplicate of How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?

    – karel
    18 mins ago
















  • 2





    What is the question? You gave the answer what usr means.

    – Pilot6
    1 hour ago











  • I'll write an answer in English first, then translate it into Russian. So hold on there

    – Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
    48 mins ago








  • 1





    Possible duplicate of How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?

    – karel
    18 mins ago










2




2





What is the question? You gave the answer what usr means.

– Pilot6
1 hour ago





What is the question? You gave the answer what usr means.

– Pilot6
1 hour ago













I'll write an answer in English first, then translate it into Russian. So hold on there

– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
48 mins ago







I'll write an answer in English first, then translate it into Russian. So hold on there

– Sergiy Kolodyazhnyy
48 mins ago






1




1





Possible duplicate of How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?

– karel
18 mins ago







Possible duplicate of How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout?

– karel
18 mins ago












3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















2














/usr nowadays stands for User System Resources. This directory contains most commands and executables files, libraries and documentation. In the early days of Unix, it was the directory where the users' home directories were placed (your user home directory would have been /usr/anatoly which now is /home/anatoly), so originally it stood for User.



See Chapter 1. Linux Filesystem Hierarchy for details.






share|improve this answer










New contributor




heiflo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
















  • 1





    Change suggestion: 'stands for Unix System Resources.' => 'stands for Unix System Resources or as it is called sometimes as well Universal System Resources.'

    – Videonauth
    1 hour ago



















1














Thre is a /usr directory on Linux systems, used to hold resources used by everybody (typically all you applications are in /usr/bin, /usr/lib, and /usr/share).



This directory is readable by all but only privileged users can write in it, which you rarely need to anyway so since the files in it are mostly managed by package managers (the apt... family, in Ubuntu).






share|improve this answer































    1














    As has been explained in the quote in the question, /usr directory stands for User System Resources. According to Debian documentation this includes applications which are not mandatory for the system to boot, and shared data (for instance /usr/share/applications holds .desktop files which are sort of shortcuts to actual application executable).



    Note that the quote mentions the /usr directory should be read-only and not modifiable by programs, which applies to /usr/lib because it contains shared libraries which are critical for proper functionality of applications. However, some content such as /usr/share/applications directory contains resources that are not system critical, and can be modified by admin-level user when necessary.





    Как было указано в цитате которая приложена к вопросу, каталог (или директория) /usr имеет значение User System Resources — системные ресурсы пользователя. Согласно Debian документации это влючает программы которые не обязательны для загрузки системы и общие данные (к примеру, /usr/share/applications держит ссылки к программам). Важно заметить что в цитате сказано этот каталог должен быть смонтироват для чтения, что относится к таким под-каталогам как /usr/lib поскольку этот каталог включает общие библиотеки используемые многими программами что делает их критически важными. Но такие каталоги как /usr/share/applications не содержат системно-важных ресурсов и могут изменятся при необходимости административным пользователем.






    share|improve this answer

























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      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

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      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

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      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      2














      /usr nowadays stands for User System Resources. This directory contains most commands and executables files, libraries and documentation. In the early days of Unix, it was the directory where the users' home directories were placed (your user home directory would have been /usr/anatoly which now is /home/anatoly), so originally it stood for User.



      See Chapter 1. Linux Filesystem Hierarchy for details.






      share|improve this answer










      New contributor




      heiflo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.
















      • 1





        Change suggestion: 'stands for Unix System Resources.' => 'stands for Unix System Resources or as it is called sometimes as well Universal System Resources.'

        – Videonauth
        1 hour ago
















      2














      /usr nowadays stands for User System Resources. This directory contains most commands and executables files, libraries and documentation. In the early days of Unix, it was the directory where the users' home directories were placed (your user home directory would have been /usr/anatoly which now is /home/anatoly), so originally it stood for User.



      See Chapter 1. Linux Filesystem Hierarchy for details.






      share|improve this answer










      New contributor




      heiflo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.
















      • 1





        Change suggestion: 'stands for Unix System Resources.' => 'stands for Unix System Resources or as it is called sometimes as well Universal System Resources.'

        – Videonauth
        1 hour ago














      2












      2








      2







      /usr nowadays stands for User System Resources. This directory contains most commands and executables files, libraries and documentation. In the early days of Unix, it was the directory where the users' home directories were placed (your user home directory would have been /usr/anatoly which now is /home/anatoly), so originally it stood for User.



      See Chapter 1. Linux Filesystem Hierarchy for details.






      share|improve this answer










      New contributor




      heiflo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.










      /usr nowadays stands for User System Resources. This directory contains most commands and executables files, libraries and documentation. In the early days of Unix, it was the directory where the users' home directories were placed (your user home directory would have been /usr/anatoly which now is /home/anatoly), so originally it stood for User.



      See Chapter 1. Linux Filesystem Hierarchy for details.







      share|improve this answer










      New contributor




      heiflo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.









      share|improve this answer



      share|improve this answer








      edited 8 mins ago





















      New contributor




      heiflo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.









      answered 1 hour ago









      heifloheiflo

      213




      213




      New contributor




      heiflo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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      New contributor





      heiflo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.






      heiflo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.








      • 1





        Change suggestion: 'stands for Unix System Resources.' => 'stands for Unix System Resources or as it is called sometimes as well Universal System Resources.'

        – Videonauth
        1 hour ago














      • 1





        Change suggestion: 'stands for Unix System Resources.' => 'stands for Unix System Resources or as it is called sometimes as well Universal System Resources.'

        – Videonauth
        1 hour ago








      1




      1





      Change suggestion: 'stands for Unix System Resources.' => 'stands for Unix System Resources or as it is called sometimes as well Universal System Resources.'

      – Videonauth
      1 hour ago





      Change suggestion: 'stands for Unix System Resources.' => 'stands for Unix System Resources or as it is called sometimes as well Universal System Resources.'

      – Videonauth
      1 hour ago













      1














      Thre is a /usr directory on Linux systems, used to hold resources used by everybody (typically all you applications are in /usr/bin, /usr/lib, and /usr/share).



      This directory is readable by all but only privileged users can write in it, which you rarely need to anyway so since the files in it are mostly managed by package managers (the apt... family, in Ubuntu).






      share|improve this answer




























        1














        Thre is a /usr directory on Linux systems, used to hold resources used by everybody (typically all you applications are in /usr/bin, /usr/lib, and /usr/share).



        This directory is readable by all but only privileged users can write in it, which you rarely need to anyway so since the files in it are mostly managed by package managers (the apt... family, in Ubuntu).






        share|improve this answer


























          1












          1








          1







          Thre is a /usr directory on Linux systems, used to hold resources used by everybody (typically all you applications are in /usr/bin, /usr/lib, and /usr/share).



          This directory is readable by all but only privileged users can write in it, which you rarely need to anyway so since the files in it are mostly managed by package managers (the apt... family, in Ubuntu).






          share|improve this answer













          Thre is a /usr directory on Linux systems, used to hold resources used by everybody (typically all you applications are in /usr/bin, /usr/lib, and /usr/share).



          This directory is readable by all but only privileged users can write in it, which you rarely need to anyway so since the files in it are mostly managed by package managers (the apt... family, in Ubuntu).







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered 1 hour ago









          xenoidxenoid

          1,6631416




          1,6631416























              1














              As has been explained in the quote in the question, /usr directory stands for User System Resources. According to Debian documentation this includes applications which are not mandatory for the system to boot, and shared data (for instance /usr/share/applications holds .desktop files which are sort of shortcuts to actual application executable).



              Note that the quote mentions the /usr directory should be read-only and not modifiable by programs, which applies to /usr/lib because it contains shared libraries which are critical for proper functionality of applications. However, some content such as /usr/share/applications directory contains resources that are not system critical, and can be modified by admin-level user when necessary.





              Как было указано в цитате которая приложена к вопросу, каталог (или директория) /usr имеет значение User System Resources — системные ресурсы пользователя. Согласно Debian документации это влючает программы которые не обязательны для загрузки системы и общие данные (к примеру, /usr/share/applications держит ссылки к программам). Важно заметить что в цитате сказано этот каталог должен быть смонтироват для чтения, что относится к таким под-каталогам как /usr/lib поскольку этот каталог включает общие библиотеки используемые многими программами что делает их критически важными. Но такие каталоги как /usr/share/applications не содержат системно-важных ресурсов и могут изменятся при необходимости административным пользователем.






              share|improve this answer






























                1














                As has been explained in the quote in the question, /usr directory stands for User System Resources. According to Debian documentation this includes applications which are not mandatory for the system to boot, and shared data (for instance /usr/share/applications holds .desktop files which are sort of shortcuts to actual application executable).



                Note that the quote mentions the /usr directory should be read-only and not modifiable by programs, which applies to /usr/lib because it contains shared libraries which are critical for proper functionality of applications. However, some content such as /usr/share/applications directory contains resources that are not system critical, and can be modified by admin-level user when necessary.





                Как было указано в цитате которая приложена к вопросу, каталог (или директория) /usr имеет значение User System Resources — системные ресурсы пользователя. Согласно Debian документации это влючает программы которые не обязательны для загрузки системы и общие данные (к примеру, /usr/share/applications держит ссылки к программам). Важно заметить что в цитате сказано этот каталог должен быть смонтироват для чтения, что относится к таким под-каталогам как /usr/lib поскольку этот каталог включает общие библиотеки используемые многими программами что делает их критически важными. Но такие каталоги как /usr/share/applications не содержат системно-важных ресурсов и могут изменятся при необходимости административным пользователем.






                share|improve this answer




























                  1












                  1








                  1







                  As has been explained in the quote in the question, /usr directory stands for User System Resources. According to Debian documentation this includes applications which are not mandatory for the system to boot, and shared data (for instance /usr/share/applications holds .desktop files which are sort of shortcuts to actual application executable).



                  Note that the quote mentions the /usr directory should be read-only and not modifiable by programs, which applies to /usr/lib because it contains shared libraries which are critical for proper functionality of applications. However, some content such as /usr/share/applications directory contains resources that are not system critical, and can be modified by admin-level user when necessary.





                  Как было указано в цитате которая приложена к вопросу, каталог (или директория) /usr имеет значение User System Resources — системные ресурсы пользователя. Согласно Debian документации это влючает программы которые не обязательны для загрузки системы и общие данные (к примеру, /usr/share/applications держит ссылки к программам). Важно заметить что в цитате сказано этот каталог должен быть смонтироват для чтения, что относится к таким под-каталогам как /usr/lib поскольку этот каталог включает общие библиотеки используемые многими программами что делает их критически важными. Но такие каталоги как /usr/share/applications не содержат системно-важных ресурсов и могут изменятся при необходимости административным пользователем.






                  share|improve this answer















                  As has been explained in the quote in the question, /usr directory stands for User System Resources. According to Debian documentation this includes applications which are not mandatory for the system to boot, and shared data (for instance /usr/share/applications holds .desktop files which are sort of shortcuts to actual application executable).



                  Note that the quote mentions the /usr directory should be read-only and not modifiable by programs, which applies to /usr/lib because it contains shared libraries which are critical for proper functionality of applications. However, some content such as /usr/share/applications directory contains resources that are not system critical, and can be modified by admin-level user when necessary.





                  Как было указано в цитате которая приложена к вопросу, каталог (или директория) /usr имеет значение User System Resources — системные ресурсы пользователя. Согласно Debian документации это влючает программы которые не обязательны для загрузки системы и общие данные (к примеру, /usr/share/applications держит ссылки к программам). Важно заметить что в цитате сказано этот каталог должен быть смонтироват для чтения, что относится к таким под-каталогам как /usr/lib поскольку этот каталог включает общие библиотеки используемые многими программами что делает их критически важными. Но такие каталоги как /usr/share/applications не содержат системно-важных ресурсов и могут изменятся при необходимости административным пользователем.







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                  edited 10 mins ago

























                  answered 21 mins ago









                  Sergiy KolodyazhnyySergiy Kolodyazhnyy

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